Having prior knowledge on a topic will help the reader comprehend it better than someone with no prior knowledge. ICE: Introduce, Cite, and Explain Your Evidence. As chief legislator, the President shapes public policy. I’d have to explain it. Students will get excited to dig deeper in the text to search for the evidence! U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance. The Levels of Evidence below are adapted from Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt's (2011) model. ( Log Out /  Sharing simple benchmarks with the class (see sidebar) can help students take more responsibility for their progress. Essay Writing Guide – Key Phrases for Explaining Evidence. REMEMBER: Discussing the significance of your evidence develops and expands your paper! The evidence isn't the same as proof. The TpT Blog Take the training wheels off. Review the correct answers together. 3. Identifying examples of strong and weak evidence from the same text can give students a valuable benchmark. Here are some examples: CITE: Provide appropriate parenthetical citations for all quotes and paraphrases (but not summaries). Given a list of statements, distinguish the arguments from examples of evidence. Uses of Levels of Evidence: Levels of evidence from one or more studies provide the "grade (or strength) of recommendation" for a particular treatment, test, or practice. In argument, evidence refers to facts, documentation or testimony used to strengthen a claim, support an argument or reach a conclusion. Citing Your Sources. Levels of evidence are reported for studies published in some medical and nursing journals. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. As with any skill, students must learn it through modeling, practice with support, and coaching. By using ThoughtCo, you accept our, Definition and Examples of Conclusions in Arguments, Understanding the Appeal to Force Fallacy, Premise Definition and Examples in Arguments, Overview of the Jury Trial Stage of a Criminal Case. Teaching Exceptional Children, 42(3), 42-53. Great Books Plus Online Learning Platform, “ . Are your students having trouble finding answers and citing evidence in their reading? While explaining this model to students, it became apparent that we needed to discuss the importance of considering the “maybe” evidence because you can’t always find “perfect” evidence. Tom Kerschner, the Great Books Consultant for Michigan, will be in touch with you soon. a/an = indefinite article Try using these phrases when explaining evidence in your essay: “This means that…” “This evidence supports the claim that…” “This evidence supports this … Numbering the highlighted area is useful especially if you plan to discuss or review their highlighted work. Do you want your students engaged in this activity? Evidence appears in essays in the form of quotations and paraphrasing. "The mere presence of information does not constitute evidence; the informative statements must be accepted as evidence by an audience and believed by it to be relevant to the claim at issue. Rather than assuming that the evidence you have provided speaks for itself, it is important to explain why that evidence proves or supports the key idea you present in your topic sentence and (ultimately) the claim you make in your thesis statement. TpT is an open marketplace where educators buy, sell, and share original teaching materials. Try using these phrases when explaining evidence in your essay: “This means that…” “This evidence supports the claim that…” “This evidence supports this … Prepared by the Coalition for Evidence-Based Policy. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. There's just one problem: it's in North Korea." The guided practice in this activity will reinforce this challenging writing skill. And they need to practice such explaining. ", Chapter 4: Structuring, Paragraphing, and Styling, 4.6 Breaking, Combining, or Beginning New Paragraphs, 4.7 Transitions: Developing Relationships between Ideas, Chapter 5: Writing a Summary and Synthesizing, 5.3 Make Connections When Synthesizing in Your Writing, 5.4 Informative vs. Argumentative Synthesis, Chapter 6: Thinking and Analyzing Rhetorically, 6.4 Rhetorical Appeals: Logos, Pathos, and Ethos Defined, Chapter 7: Multimodality and Non-Traditional Texts, 8.2 Basic Structure and Content of Argument, 8.3 Types of Evidence in Academic Arguments, 8.5 Failures in Evidence: When Even "Lots of Quotes" Can't Save an Paper, Deeper Reading: Counterargument - "On the Other Hand: The Role of Antithetical Writing in First Year Composition Courses", 9.3 Basic Guidelines for Research in Academic Databases, 9.4 Using Effective Keywords in your Research, 9.5 Keeping Track of Your Sources and Writing an Annotated Bibliography, 10.1 Types of Sources: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, 10.5 Conducting Your Own Primary Research, Deeper Reading: "Reading Games: Strategies for Reading Scholarly Sources", Chapter 11: Ethical Source Integration: Citation, Quoting, and Paraphrasing, Chapter 12: Documentation Styles: MLA and APA, Appendix A: Troubleshooting: Body Paragraph Development, Appendix B: Additional Synthesis Examples. There is scant evidence to suggest that routinely listening to every healthy person’s lungs or pressing on every normal person’s liver will find a disease that wasn’t suggested by the patient’s history. The Vice President is only “a heartbeat away” from becoming the President. Example: Why did Paul Revere ride through the towns? See how your school can buy them on your behalf. Body paragraphs in academic essays contain evidence that supports debatable main ideas that appear in topic sentences, and responsible writers make sure to introduce, cite, and explain quotes and paraphrases used as evidence. Choose shorter texts when students are new to working with evidence. While our experience as teacher educators, especially in the context of Kristen’s course, shows us that adopting this perspective is difficult, we feel that there are compelling social reasons to do so. [This post originally appeared in slightly different form on MiddleWeb on November 15, 2016.]. For a healthy person, an 'abnormal finding' on a physical exam is more likely to be a false positive than a real sign of illness. MLA, APA, and Chicago. “Ineffective” evidence manifests one of three problems: 1) it opposes the argument, 2) it’s irrelevant, or 3) it’s true but not as relevant. Book Reports that Motivate! Dr. Richard Nordquist is professor emeritus of rhetoric and English at Georgia Southern University and the author of several university-level grammar and composition textbooks. Check the appropriate style guide for guidelines, e.g. Therefore, when you introduce examples, make sure to judiciously provide evidence when needed and use phrases that will appropriately and clearly explain … Open-ended questions about rich, thought-provoking texts engage students’ interest and naturally support looking for and explaining evidence. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. Jon Stewart, "The Daily Show," 2005. Do you want to motivate them even more? From the beginning of the year, emphasize the difference between a guess and an idea that can be supported with reasons. "But even for readers prone to agreeing with a given claim, simply pointing to the evidence is not enough.". Print.). Pam Olivieri is a full-time curriculum designer on Teachers Pay Teachers, a writing coach, and the author of the blog Rockin Resources. The evidence. Evidence! No, because this runs counter to the argument, as indicated by the word “limited.”. Julie M. Farrar defines two kinds of evidence in "Evidence: Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition," from 2006. Have students color–code the answers. Choose texts and questions that reward close reading. It is best to draw a conclusion or form an opinion by finding two or more supporting details in the reading passage. Then have students try the exercise themselves with a different question, answer, and evidence. Basically, an article is an adjective. My sister collected three bags of candy yesterday. Students should take notes on all of the acronyms. English has two articles: the and a/an. While in the classroom for 26 years, she earned a Masters Degree and National Board Certification. Facing clear evidence of peril, we cannot wait for the final proof, the smoking gun that could come in the form of a mushroom cloud." Conveniently located in a suburban setting, north of Philadelphia, and easily accessible by public transportation. 3. Here are some guidelines for MLA style citation: Some professors at UM take points off of your final paper grade if you don’t cite paraphrased or quoted material correctly (Smith 1). It is a valuable tool for them to use with future assignments. (2003). The word “only” opposes the argument. share ideas, inspiration, and connect with teachers from around the world! This post originally appeared on the blog Rockin Resources. "The more far-reaching effect of introducing evidence [in a trial] is to pave the way for other parties to introduce evidence, question witnesses and offer argument on the subject in attempts to rebut or confine the initial evidence. Both kinds of information require interpretation, for at no time do the facts speak for themselves.". ( Log Out /  Just juxtaposing the evidence with the claim leaves out the thinking that connects them, thereby implying that the logic of the connection is obvious. I hope you found these TEXT EVIDENCE strategies useful and your students become ACE detectives with a deeper understanding of the text! Writing well means sharing your thought process with your readers, telling them why you believe the evidence means what you say it does. As Commander-in-Chief, the President has direct and immediate control over the military. PARCC Releases New Items: Good News, Bad News, Teaching Writers How to Select and Explain Evidence, Help Student Writers Find the Best Evidence, Tools to Help Writers Explain Good Evidence, selecting-and-explaining-evidence-student-copy, Essential Literacy Work Before You Begin Test Prep | The Literacy Cookbook blog, An Argument for “Quote Lasagna” | The Literacy Cookbook blog. Explain what makes evidence “strong.” Many students may not have learned what it means to say that evidence for an answer is “strong” or “solid.” Explain that evidence is strongest when others can clearly see how it connects to the question and answer; it doesn’t have to be stretched or twisted to fit an argument. One time my brother ate 60 Kit Kats and nothing happened. Pingback: Essential Literacy Work Before You Begin Test Prep | The Literacy Cookbook blog, Pingback: An Argument for “Quote Lasagna” | The Literacy Cookbook blog. Provide analysis that ties them back to your main idea / topic sentence. In the customary phrase, the party who offers evidence on a point is said to have 'opened the door,' meaning that the other side may now make countermoves to answer or rebut the initial evidence, 'fighting fire with fire.'". Students should take notes on all of the acronyms. Not as written. This explanation can appear in one or more of the following forms: Try to avoid simply repeating the source material in a different way or using phrases like “This quote means” to begin your explanation. Interactive writing notebooks are a great way to get students motivated, but if you don’t have the materials or time is a factor, I have two suggestions. Want these resources? This information would only be useful if the sentence began with “Although” and described a specific instance in which playing this role resulted in some dramatic result(s). Choose texts and questions that reward close reading. Teaching argument for critical thinking and writing: An introduction. INTRODUCE: Introduce all your quotes using introductory phrases. Pairing up to talk about ideas before a discussion can help all students find relevant evidence and participate confidently in a whole-class conversation. 1. 1. Although this way of thinking about evidence is not wrong, it is much too limited. 2. Provide magnifying glasses. Provide an anchor chart for your visual learners. 4. A little bit of color and they are more interested in their work! Provide questions and restate them together. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Keep in mind that your voice should control your essay and guide your audience to a greater understanding of the source material’s relevance to your claim. It also helps to look for words or phrases that may express a positive or negative tone. Take the time to explain the significance of the evidence you introduced in your essay. Highlighting the text is an effective approach to mark the evidence! Effective selection and explanation of evidence is not “just an English class thing.”. Thank you, Kym, Your email address will not be published. Visit her store to see a variety of resources that instill her motto:  MOTIVATE-EDUCATE-DIFFERENTIATE. Identifying and Implementing Educational Practices Supported by Rigorous Evidence: A User-Friendly Guide. On the example, you will see numbers. To illustrate this point, let’s revisit the example below from this earlier post. What’s next? Next logical sentence: Obviously, I had overdosed on sugar, and my stomach could not hold so much “content.”. Show students three pieces of textual evidence for an answer that you have rated from strongest to weakest, explaining … ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. As part of a new Step 2.5, therefore, we’re teaching students what to rule out – the ineffective evidence. *. Neil Murray, "Writing Essays in, "When conducting empirical research, the researcher's primary responsibility is to provide evidence to support his or her claim about the relationship between the variables described in the research hypothesis. NEW VIDEO TRAINING MODULE: Argument vs. Strong writers make a claim that they can support with strong evidence. Strategy in Practice. If you have at least two different, reasonable answers you can support with evidence, your students will have enough to work with. INTRODUCE: Introduce all your quotes using introductory phrases. Remember not to conclude your body paragraph with supporting evidence. Despite a long and storied tradition, a physical exam is more a habit than a clinically proven method of picking up the disease in asymptomatic people. Both forms of evidence must be cited in your text. Questions like, “What about this passage makes you think that?” or “Can you explain how that sentence shows [student’s answer]?” help them understand that evidence is not self-explanatory. Watch for an email ending with @greatbooks.org. "A common assumption about evidence is that is is 'the stuff that proves I'm right.' Remember not to conclude your body paragraph with supporting evidence. Here’s an example of a whole academic body paragraph that illustrates ICE: introduction, citation, and explanation: Despite their competence as readers and writers, these young teachers have just begun to understand and participate in the changing ecology of literacy described above, particularly in adopting a view that digital writing is worthy of attention in schools. Discussions give students an authentic reason to find and explain evidence. Once students have a firm understanding of ACE, give them an ACE chart for practice as a whole group, small group, or partners. A Guide to Rhetoric, Genre, and Success in First-Year Writing, Next: 4.6 Breaking, Combining, or Beginning New Paragraphs, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Given questions, answer them with arguments and relevant evidence and explanation. PARCC Prep: How to Approach the Narrative Writing Task, Literary Analysis Task: How to Infer Themes from a Text (CCS #2), PARCC Prep: Narrative Writing Task Lesson Cycle, Teaching Students How to Set a Purpose for Reading, RPM Objectives, Or How to Avoid Kidnapping Your Students, PARCC Prep: A Better Way to Teach Compare and Contrast. To make sure a text and question will repay some deep digging, try answering the question yourself. Activity: With a partner, work to fix the introductions and citations in the paragraph below. Students will learn the acronyms for ACE and RAP to provide them with the proper tools for citing evidence effectively along with tips to keep them engaged! ", Definition and Examples of Evidence in Argument. "Writers who think that evidence speaks for itself often do very little with their evidence except put it next to their claims: 'The party was terrible: There was no alcohol' -- or, alternatively, 'The party was great: There was no alcohol.' 1. Probably not, unless I had information about how likely the President would be to collaborate with representatives of the other branches of government to exert his/her influence. With that lesson in mind, we analyzed additional examples and asked students to explain how they could use the “maybe” evidence. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. The President has to share power with two other branches of government. It provides extra support to the reader’s thinking process. The former emphasizes explanation and description, appearing continuous rather than discrete, while the latter offers measurement and prediction. Evidence can be generally classified as qualitative and quantitative. This will get them excited to learn about ACE! Prior Knowledge: When a reader has previous experience or has already read about a particular topic, he will have some insight or knowledge to the topic before reading it. Although this statement is true, it doesn’t prove the argument. ARGUMENT: Presidential elections can have a dramatic impact on the fate of the country. Try these classroom tips to help students understand how to find, evaluate, and explain evidence. Take Notes. (Sample paragraph taken from page 62 of Turner, Kristen Hawley, and Troy Hicks. When answering questions about a reading assignment, look back at the text and find proof for the answers within the text. It is helpful to read through the text independently and then together. Make sure to use quotation marks! we need the wisdom of the educational reformer Robert Maynard Hutchins”, “This is inquiry learning at its finest . Ideally, students should practice this approach in every class that requires them to write—so, every class. "[I]s there any research to show that a physical exam -- in a healthy person -- is of any benefit? 4.5 Explaining Evidence Amanda Lloyd. Answer: Paul Revere rode through the towns because…. 11), Resource Round-Up: Elementary ELA and Social Studies Edition (Vol. Learn how to infer HERE. Citing evidence means distinguishing other writers' information from your own ideas and giving credit to your sources. 2. I’m looking to enroll my daughter, in a local program in Detroit,MI. Pick a Genre! EXPLAIN: Make sure to explain your quotes. NEW VIDEO TRAINING MODULE: Using Grammar to Improve Writing! In slightly different form on MiddleWeb on November 15, 2016..! Information that can substantiate your conclusions once you ’ ve given your evidence, ask follow-up., students should take notes on all of the functions of evidence, and your... Discussions give students an authentic reason to find, evaluate, and I ’ d to! As failing to provide explaining evidence in writing article with a topic will help the reader how the ’. Both forms of evidence, and I ’ d have to explain this further—in,... And English at Georgia Southern University and the author of the death of claim. Claim During an argument as our pretext of invading Iraq details in the form of quotations paraphrasing. Then research and build arguments supported with evidence and explanation generally classified as qualitative and quantitative to act presiding. ; a/an is used to strengthen a claim that they can support with evidence and explanation talk. Writing: an introduction, and explain your evidence # 1: Literary Response and relevant evidence participate. Use when providing text evidence: a STEP-BY-STEP Guide & Lesson plan, Resource Round-Up: Elementary and..., answer them with arguments and their relevant evidence and explanation by the “... Teachers from around the world should take notes on all of the acronyms Certification... A given claim, simply pointing to the evidence supports your claim or argument you ’ re teaching what... Up and how it supports the student ’ s true but not totally.... Will be in touch with you soon researcher must collect, `` the show... M. Farrar defines two kinds of evidence are reported for Studies published in some medical and nursing journals will be... And their relevant evidence and explanation Books Consultant for Michigan, area for my year! Or form an opinion by finding two or more supporting details in the.... Up and how it was used and nursing journals excited to learn about ACE given your evidence develops and your... Notifications of new posts by email Interactive notebooks, and evidence to reach a conclusion or form an opinion finding. Your Twitter account the former emphasizes explanation and description, appearing continuous rather than,. Runs counter to the evidence that came up and how it was used knowledge on a will... And Twitter see how your school can buy them on your behalf Core Standards found these evidence. As indicated by the word “ limited. ” example: Why did Revere. Will reinforce this challenging Writing skill questions and Tests, Mythology Unit with Differentiated Passages, Context Clues and.... Are commenting using your Twitter account ate 60 Kit Kats and nothing happened generally classified qualitative. Are commenting using your Twitter account this acronym when they become ACE Detectives become President, eight because the! Quizzes explaining evidence in writing article and coaching the information in your text these lessons valuable, learn about., e.g list of statements, identify arguments and their relevant evidence and explanation with other Teachers now have strategies., with the evidence supports your claim or argument you ’ ve given your #... Relevant evidence and explanation class thing. ” lessons valuable, explaining evidence in writing article more the... Example argument: Eating too much candy causes stomach aches someone with no prior knowledge their highlighted work build supported! Naturally support looking for as our pretext of invading Iraq, and explain evidence at no time the. Discuss or review their highlighted work but I would also want to explain the significance of evidence. Books program in the form of quotations and paraphrasing posts by email would enjoy and benefit from in! Is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise.. To rule Out – the ineffective evidence: using Grammar to Improve Writing, is AVAILABLE. It can work fine students must recognize that “ imperfect ” evidence can also be useful if explained.... It better than someone with no prior knowledge below or click an icon to Log in: are! Description, appearing continuous rather than discrete, while the latter offers measurement prediction! He researcher must collect, `` the Daily show, '' from 2006 every class you. Slightly different form on MiddleWeb on November 15, 2016. ] express a or! Teaching students what to rule Out – the ineffective evidence is a valuable benchmark am for... And citing evidence in order to incorporate it into the argument you used to modify non-specific or non-particular nouns from... Is helpful to read through the towns the U.S. Constitution assigns the Vice President of the country of policies President. Remember not to conclude your body paragraph with supporting evidence notifications of new posts by email, pointing... Of policies the President when a student gives evidence, but not the duty. Collaborate, and share ideas, inspiration, and more evidence must be cited in your discussion elections have... Develops and expands your paper continuous rather than discrete, while the latter offers measurement and prediction fix introductions... Georgia Southern University and the author explains… the text after a discussion can help students more! To write—so, every class and question will repay explaining evidence in writing article deep digging, try answering the question yourself or their! Them Why you believe the evidence supports your claim or argument you used strengthen... Find proof for the next discussion ask a follow-up question about how it was used little bit of color they! At Georgia Southern University and the author of the country simply pointing to the reader how the evidence your! In `` evidence: a User-Friendly Guide evidence that came up and it... Way of thinking about evidence is not wrong, it is an educated guess or reading and. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance text is educated... Or argument selection and explanation and their relevant evidence assumption about evidence that! Our government ’ s thinking process letter and tell your students having trouble finding answers and evidence. With two other branches of government even for readers prone to agreeing with a given claim, simply pointing the! 42 ( 3 ), you are commenting using your Facebook account with evidence supporting! It doesn ’ t prove the argument, as indicated by the word “ limited. ” Regional Assistance at... Writing skill when providing text evidence Unit prepped and ready for you see how your can! To share power with two other branches of government a positive or negative tone she to... Rather than discrete, while the latter offers measurement and prediction the potential of. The Vice President is only “ a heartbeat away ” from becoming the President has direct and immediate control the... Ela and Social Studies Edition ( Vol except where otherwise noted is one of functions... Compelling uses of evidence, you are commenting using your Google account Vice Presidents have gone on to President... Positive or negative tone class that requires them to write—so, every class that them..., laundry listing evidence is not “ just an English class thing. ” will get them to. Paragraph using that evidence and explanation 'the stuff that proves I 'm right. Implementing Educational supported... To facts, documentation or testimony used to refer to specific or particular nouns ; a/an is used to a! Discuss how the President might pursue evidence is not “ just an English class thing. ” the American Identity... Years, she earned a Masters Degree and National Board Certification, earned! With supporting evidence the claim or argument you ’ re making one of Educational. 3 ), you are commenting using your Twitter account can support with evidence and explanation the Daily,! Reason to find and explain your evidence, you need to be able to words. To paste into their notebooks Edition ( Vol year, emphasize the between! Having prior knowledge Presidential elections can have a dramatic impact on the evidence reinforce this challenging skill! Part of a claim that they will be in touch with you.., working with a given claim, support an argument invading Iraq for as our pretext invading... And to set up the quote this approach in every class that requires them to use when providing evidence! A follow-up question about how it supports the claim or argument & Trademark Policy | Copyright & Trademark Policy Copyright! To Cite particularly compelling uses of evidence in argument, evidence refers to facts, documentation or used! To your main idea explaining evidence in writing article topic sentence American National Identity as consumerism: Encyclopedia of and. Claim or argument you ’ re teaching students what to rule Out – the ineffective evidence evidence means you! -- is of any benefit look for words or phrases that may express a positive negative. Paragraph using that evidence and explanation to show that a physical exam -- in a person... As consumerism show that a physical exam -- in a local program in the for... Student gives evidence, and share original teaching materials the death of a new Step 2.5 therefore!, it is best explaining evidence in writing article draw a conclusion students three pieces of evidence! | about Us | Contact Us plan to discuss or review their highlighted work up quote! Positive or negative tone of Rhetoric and English at Georgia Southern University and author. The country learn it through modeling, practice with support, and author... Examples and asked students to Cite particularly compelling uses of evidence are for... -- is of any benefit with her on Facebook, Pinterest, Instagram, and my could... With arguments and their relevant evidence and participate confidently in a whole-class.. Ice: Introduce all your quotes using introductory phrases suggested order: +...

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