The unit must be independent of each other. 22 Iss: 1 pp. To cite this document: Fabiola Baltar, Ignasi Brunet, (2012),"Social research 2.0: virtual snowball sampling method using Facebook", Internet Research, Vol. 2000,). Within this approach, data collection for both qualitative and quantitative data is collected simultaneously. population was used, and to draw inferences about this population. Sample design must be such which results in a small sampling error. All rights reserved. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on the UKDiss.com website then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! 100-101). selected, we can also easily calculate the probability, Introduction The analysis of the entire population in the study is called as census method of collecting data. 57 - 74 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662241211199960 Downloaded on: 11-05-2012 References: This document contains references to 48 other documents, The study methods included a mixed approach, using a multiphase convergent parallel design. For example, only 20 students are selected from a universe of 120 students who are perusing MBA degree from a particular institute situated at Puna or 50 households are selected from a village of 250 households. The prime objectives of the sample survey are to obtain accurate and reliable information about the universe under study with minimization of cost, time, and energy. where n = sample size required, N= Number of people in the population, P= estimated percentage of the population possessing attribute of interest, A= Accuracy desired, expressed as a decimal (i.e., 0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05 etc.) Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher? In case the nature of the study is such that the population is stratified into more than one group, the size of each group will be its proportion (percentage) in the population times the total sample size as computed above. There are 29 counties in the State of Utah. On the other hand, if the universe is heterogeneous in nature then samples are to be chosen as from each heterogeneous unit. It is recognized that the sample s/he wants to draw is heterogeneous in respect of the two attributes of interest to the researcher. Different types of sampling techniques are used for drawing a sample plan. Some times this method gives such results whose probability is very small or negligible. The other is the fact that a simple random sample will not adequately represent many population attributes (characteristics) unless the sample is relatively large. Some of the earliest sampling can be heard in 'Wochenede' (1930) by German filmmaker Walter Ruttmann ^. 3.1. Much of the Tioga Countys population is white and there are very few minorities. But if one wants to estimate the students living in entire hostels of management colleges (more than 45) situated in Greater Noida then sampling method may be the right option. A population with infinite number of members is known as infinite population. So, far as the cost of collecting data is concerned, it completely depends on the researcher to reduce it and to some extent it is within the control of the researcher. * Since the sample is small in size hence, detailed information from the respondents can be collected, * Qualified personnel as investigating authorities can be appointed, * Sampling method seems to be more economical than that of the census method of data collection. Lets assume that it is known (or can be estimated) that the population of the selected village which is to be distributed as. One is if the population is large, a great deal of time must be spent listing and numbering the members. For example let that one want to estimate the monthly expenditure behaviour of 80 management students living in Apeejay Institute of Technology, boys and girls hostel. Statistics in general deals with a large number of figures. Furthermore, since the questionnaire method was distributed in the university area, which was carried out during the, Sampling The principle of sampling is described in reference 9.2. But if the area and the size of the population are small, than relatively small sample could be enough. * Cross checking in case of any error may be possible. Thus, there may be population of weights of individuals, heights of trees, prices of wheat, number of plants in a field, number of students in an institution/university etc. The sampling population consists of 500 participants from Sengkang and Punggol child, 2. a) The study used consecutive non randomized non probability sampling method. (2011, pp. Since they occur randomly and are equally likely to be in either direction, their nature happens to be of compensatory type and the expected value of such errors happens to be equal to zero. * The size of sample may not be sufficient to represent the entire universe. A total of 250 people will be selected at random to participate in the survey that will be conducted. Equally important to the size of the sample is the determination of the type of sampling techniques to be followed. Following are some scope of sampling method of data collection. Some important ones are as follows: This method requires complete list of the universe. equally into boys and girls, and you wanted to select 100 of them for Study for free with our range of university lectures! The suitability of the census method requires very few conditions like- (i) where the area of study is very limited and is within the reach of the researcher, and/or (ii) the researcher is having enough time for covering the entire population, and/or (iii) the study is funded with adequate and sufficient finances to meet the expenses needed, and/or (iv) all the units of the population are behaving homogeneous characteristics, and/or (v) the study sought for adopting this specific method only. While mixed methods approach to data collection may require additional time from the researcher, this approach is beneficial in many ways, Sampling means take one typical part of from the whole population, which is an essential method for corporations to get the result of their new products or policies. The current study design is based on mixed method including both quantitative (survey questionnaire) and qualitative (Focus group). Those are. Research- according to Degu (2006) is a systematic scientific process that consists of the inquiry, analysis and interpretation of data to generate new knowledge, Commitment. Registered Data Controller No: Z1821391. Different types of probability sampling techniques are: A random sampling is one where each item in the universe has an equal or known opportunity of being selected. sampling .Let us assume you had a school with a 1000 students, divided and Z= number of standard deviation units of the sampling distribution corresponding to the desired confidence level (see Appendix-I for Z values). Two separate cases derived in Box-4.1 and Box-4.2 is enough for the readers to clear their fundamental on applicability of stratified random sampling, Lets say that the researcher wants to draw a random sample from a population of a village to assess their opinions on some issue related to income inequality. Sometimes it is possible to obtain sufficiently accurate results by studying a part/a segment of the population. You can view samples of our professional work here. In the final step of the sample design, a researcher must decide the type of the sample s/he will use i.e., s/he must decide about the techniques to be used in selecting the items for the sample. Systematic bias results from errors in the sampling procedures, and it cannot be reduced or eliminated by increasing the sample size. The reliability of the sample is proportional to the square root of the number of items it contains and larger the samples the more representative and stable, and (ii) the sample must be chosen at random. Sampling errors on the other hand, is the random variations in the sample estimated around the true population parameters. After dividing the population into groups, then each homogeneous group is to be sampled by using any techniques of probability sampling, of course as per the requirement. Let that the total population (N) =10000 and the researcher decided to consider this study at 95% confidence level and 5 percent precision level (d = 0.05, Z = 1.96)., the sample size n will be: So, a representative sample of 370 (369.98 rounded up) would be sufficient to satisfy the risk level. The size of sample also depends on the nature of study. If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help! addition, at the, Sampling Different units should approximately of equal size. Planning From the above analysis, we can list down the characteristics of a good sample as follows. Systematic sampling involves a random start and then proceeds with the selection of every kth element from then onwards. A sample design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population. The techniques of sampling are classified into two broad categories as derived below: Probability sampling and. Among various types of sample design technique, the researcher should choose that samples which are reliable and appropriate for his research study. Thus the effective way to increase the precision is usually to select a better sampling design which has a smaller sampling error for a given sample size at a given cost. Sampling Methods Essay 1025 Words | 5 Pages. Some of the earliest sampling can be The first one is that with the use of this law, a part of the universe can be chosen. He spliced and rearranged the film, CHAPTER THREE For instance, the population of ages of twenty boys in a class is an example of finite population. On measurement terms, the sample must be valid. The number of groups to be considered is determined by the characteristics of the population. Different types of sampling techniques are used for drawing a sample plan. Stratified random sampling is commonly done in quantitative researches. But the real problem arises while taking into account about the cost of incorrect inferences which is again of two types. In the first step the researcher should clarify and should be expert in the study of universe. The purpose of taking a sample is to investigate features of the Nowadays, the problem about the cleanroom in the class has been rising gradually. Introduction: These individuals will be chosen using a stratified sampling technique. Under this method a small group of universe is taken as the representative of the whole mass and the results are drawn. Random sampling will be used to find samples of girls and boys from The size should not be too large or too small rather it should be optimum. The study excluded 62 records that did not fit the sampling requirements. (http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/clean-room) Different aspects of research methodology will be discussed in this chapter. The final sample was n = 235 (Salinas et al., 2012). To illustrate, recall the example as discussed above of four stratified groups. The unit of analysis for this study will be individuals that reside in Tioga County, PA. One of the greatest advantage is that random sampling always produces the smallest possible sampling error. Again in maximum cases consideration of all the items of a population is also not necessary. A blindfold selection is then made from the number of slips required to constitute the desired size of sample. The results gained from these samples were used to create an estimate of the biomass in the area. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UKEssays.com. They are: Under this method the various units of the universe are numbered on small and identical slips of papers which are folded and mixed together in a drum or in a flat container. The population on which the researcher is interested in carrying out his or her research may be too large, therefore a suitable sample which can represent the population in correct proportion must be chosen. People give less income data when asked for income tax but they overstate when asked for social status. The most practical and economical method of selecting a random sample consists in the use of random numbers table which have been so constructed that each of the digits from 0,1,2 9 appears with approximately the same frequency and independently with each other. In this study, the number was 297. There are two techniques used in the quadrat-based methods, namely the, The sampling techniques that was used for this research were basic marketing research techniques (Gilbert n.p). And proximity to the modern sampler of data collection is used to collect the.. A small sampling error, it can be measured for a long time, money and also labour sampling Based on an iodometric technique which uses a residual chlorine electrode ( RCE ) for detection (.. First arranged serially according to some ordering scheme and then proceeds with the availability of universe Are know write an essay on sampling techniques spliced and rearranged the film, CHAPTER three research METHODOLOGY will be appropriate one as there various Schools including 18 high schools finally, the size of the Tioga County population. Be known unit of analysis for this study will be carried out participants A headache to the modern sampler distribution corresponding to the researcher should follow times census method, time study. 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