89 They consume sugary, high-calorie snacks when they should be eating fresh fruits and low-fat yogurt. Including meals. One can infer from the selection that a. the actor Robert Young was well known for his love of coffee. You may find two or three separate incidents to write about, each in a paragraph of its own. man men foot feet tooth teeth goose geese Combined words (words made up of two or more words) form their plurals by adding -s to the main word. Which of the following would be the best alternative title for this selection? Which sentence best expresses the main idea of the selection? Each time you think of something to put in, ask yourself whether it relates to your main point. c. fall into two categories: born readers and those who can never learn to read very well. Coordinating Conjunctions Coordinating conjunctions join two equal ideas. Use a form of raise if you can substitute lift up or increase. a. Mike doesnt worry about spelling at this point. I put them in the cupboard. What does the title All the Good Things mean? In narration, a writer tells the story of something that happened. They scheduled a day for everybody in the neighborhood to bring unwanted items to a community center. 4. Caused an accident that hurt others. She pointed at Linda and I. I dropped the camera that my sister had just bought. . I discovered how helpful strangers can be. 1 Concentrate as You Read To improve your concentration, follow these tips. Then I wouldnt have to make so many decisions. Second, close reading will help you explore a selection and its possibilities thoroughly. The apostrophes indicate omitted letters and shortened spellings. As a result, correct use of prepositions must be learned gradually through experience. Paragraph 5 lacks supporting details at one key spot. How you may have performed in the past does not control how you can perform in the present. lan71866_ch13_p241-244.indd 244 9/4/09 12:41:36 PM C HAPTE R Additional Information about Verbs Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. lan71866_ch28_p365-378.indd 374 9/4/09 1:56:19 PM CHAPTER 28 Commas 375 5. Millions of years ago, americas midwest was covered by a great inland sea. 2. . College students also have a difficult time managing their money. . Just get your thoughts down on paper. 1. To Sit To Set I sit down during work breaks. a. Television-Watching Behavior b. Todays Movie Audiences c. Modern Films d. The Life of a Movie Critic 2. 29By the time I quit, I was determined never to do such degrading work again. . 2. Answering the questions below will help you check your knowledge. Explains. Help Malia locate and correct the capitalization mistakes in her brochure. 12Puppies are adorable, and no child can resist their charm. For more information about cows and global warming, visit www.earthsave.org/ globalwarming.htm and www.epa.gov/methane/rlep/faq.html Buy local In addition to the environmental impact that comes from manufacturing 12 the product you are buying, the effects on CO2 emissions from transporting those goods at each and every stage of production must also be calculated. I anxious to get my test back. He offered her a clove of garlic, which she thought was a cashew nut. I hate crime. c. These young people need guidance and support; they dont need adults to tell them what to do and how to do it; to corral, crush, or dissuade their efforts. d. It doesnt take guts to put money into inhumane, punishmentdriven institutions. lan71866_ch37_p537-584.indd 563 9/4/09 1:50:46 PM 564 PART 4 Readings for Writers 3. 1. an alert shopper . a. Iranian immigrants have had difficulty adjusting to America. 7. 3. Nate was playing the stereo so (loud, loudly) that both the dog and the cat were cowering in the basement. And how could you get up and down stairs, on and off a bus, without risking a terrible fall? 1. Organize and connect supporting evidence so that paragraphs and essays transition smoothly from one bit of supporting information to the next. 17There was no overtime bonus. As an added benefit, recycling reduces pollution and saves natural resources, including precious trees that absorb carbon dioxide. Rowing meant that on the way to school I had to sit in the dirty bus aisle littered with paper, gum wads, and spitballs. 2. But suppose you knew for sure that you had time to rescue three of your possessions. HINT Four changes are needed in item 1. She spent a lot of time alone. The organization the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Martin Luther King, Maynard Jackson, Septima Clark, Andrew Young, Joe Lowery, C. T. Vivian, and others white and black won victory for Atlanta and for all people. 3. Society trains them to do so, and in many situations deference is beneficial. Where does the author herself use the power of authority to support her own points? 26He made negative comments about the way I combed my hair and the clothes I wore. The little boy ate too much Halloween candy as a result he got a stomachache. lan71866_ch37_p537-584.indd 580 9/4/09 1:50:50 PM Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 1. 4. wear weather . Mark worried that the canned chili sauce he ate while on his camping trip was recalled for botulism he did not experience any symptoms of food poisoning. ones. 10. asked, Is . When we got to the bowling alley, we showed him how to hold the ball. Assignment 2: Writing a Paragraph The author of this essay implies that being around people from other cultures is healthy because it broadens us. The sunlight moves along the floor. ribbon and tied 2. aisle, I saw a bead of sweat roll from her forehead 3. Ben ran over a dogs tail skating. SENTENCES AND PARAGRAPHS Accessible to you anytime. Try making a list of such obstacles as a way to collect details that you might put into an essay explaining what stands in the way of attaining your dream. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS About Content Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Pretty Rosa described her romances and her impending wedding to 17 a handsome field worker. The perfect progressive tenses are formed by adding have been, has been, or had been to the present participle. When Mr. Jaeck, the science teacher, was teaching us about volcanoes, he held up an object that looked like a piece of black, glass-like rock. Write an essay in which you discuss the three things in your home that you would most want to save from a fire. 3. 10. You dont have to upload video to use YouTube. sing. A Paragraph to Consider Absent-Minded Professor 1My English teacher is an absent-minded professor. Frightened by the large dog near the curb, Erica wouldnt leave her car. Activity 8: Using to (page 309) Activity 9: Combining Sentences by Opening with Prepositional Phrases (page 309) 1. P 2. Baking a Cake Natalie Goldberg PREVIEW This selection is from Goldbergs book Writing Down the Bones: Freeing the Writer Within (2005). Taiyaba dropped a coin into the slot machine, pulled the lever, and was waiting to strike it rich. But I would not be surprised if she not succeed, because this her fourth diet this year. 14They describe the Fog Bowl as if dense fog blanketed yesterdays game, not 1988s playoff match between the Philadelphia Eagles and the Chicago Bears. Before the trial, the defense attorney quickly read through her trial notes. 6When the instructor sees that you are not involved in the class, he or she may pop a quick question, probably hoping to embarrass you. . A Paragraph to Consider How to Harass an Instructor 1There are several steps you can take to harass an instructor during a class. 10. The reason we dont fall off the Earth is the pull of (gravity, the gravity). Possessive pronouns include his, hers, its, yours, ours, and theirs. 2. They rose from the storm in my chest and I let them fall in a fury of hailstones: I hate you. Please try again. 5. 2. Sizzling, the customer at the restaurant enjoyed her grilled T-bone steak. ABOUT COHERENCE Have you used emphatic order in your paragraph, saving the most important, strongest detail for last? After you have completed your evaluation of the composition, give it to your partner. The author includes notes for further research after various subsections of the essay. d. all of the above. Which was surprising 8. Do I use active verbs? 3. Sienna removed the blanket from the sofa bed and folded it up. When everyone started practicing blocks, I got confused. He seldom, if ever, missed a day of work; he never left his paycheck at a bar, and none of our household appliances were ever carted off by a repo-man. No one will be admitted without a valid student identification card. b. find just the right words to express a point. had a social life. Your definition: Dictionary definition: Etymology Etymology refers to the history of a word. Wanting to finish the dream, I pushed the Snooze button. Her parents worry about her inability to connect with a nice single man. TIP More information about -ed words, also known as past participles, appears on page 248. We 24 have seen the enemy and it is television. 4. And finally, that we root out the basis for the injustice and inequities that engender most of the violence we see today. b. who, whose, whom, which, that Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. 5. His face bloodied and his nose broken, George crumpled to the ground and sobbed without even throwing a punch. Rachel poured 6. bathroom is 2. company offered 7. The idea that the writer wants to emphasize hereI missed the final exam is expressed as a complete thought. We are very pleased to have the opportunity to inform you that your line of credit on your credit card with us has just been increased. Before your about to start the car, press the gas pedal to the floor once. Take a few minutes to recount your experience. As soon as the teacher pronounced his word, I thought, I can spell that word. A car sped around the corner; it sprayed slush all over the pedestrians. Movies during this Age of Television may or may not be better than 28 ever. Use only this, that, these, or those. She works part time at a veterinarians ofce as a receptionist and is enrolled in college to study marketing. But once he got the hang of it, he did well. When Helen suddenly became sick, I drove her to the doctors office. Backgammon is more enjoyable to me than checkers, but chess is the most enjoyable game of all. He had hair implants; it looked very natural. The car swerved dangerously through traffic its rear bumper sticker read, Schools OutDrive Carefully. ACTIVITY 2 Correcting Run-OnsFused Sentences and Comma Splices Locate the split in each of the following run-ons. 2. Traits of Writing: The Complete Guide for Middle School (Theory and Practice (Schol Banish Boring Words! In fact, he adds with a grin, all my life I have (c) just one meal a day. The talk show host introduced ten-year-old Drake as a future American Idol star. Besides my outdated clothes, I wore thick glasses, had crossed eyes, and spoke with a persistent lisp. REFLECTIVE ACTIVITY 1. 4. 2. (This sentence refers to chicken in general; in this case, chicken is a noncount noun.) He wish that he could spend more time at home with his wife and new baby girl. My daughters preschool teacher, Mrs. Landry, likes to start class at 9 am sharp. Note that the paragraph presented in this chapter details an experience that occurred within a relatively short period of time: one frustrating night of babysitting. Someone in Inezs apartment house tine under her door every year. Copyright 2006 by Al Gore. A rat scurried into the kitchen of the restaurant. If I didnt have to work the night shift, I would pick up my kids right after school, help them with their homework, and take them to the neighborhood park to play basketball before dinner. Here was a boy who had been physically abused, shuttled from one foster home to another, one juvenile justice facility after another. (In other words, make two separate sentences of the two complete thoughts.) Can anyone hear me? Heres what the scratch outline for one such essay looks like: Central idea: My high school prom was a mixture of fun and disappointment. Several examples of specific evidence for this point/these points are: . Tiny messages were scrawled on the 4. d. appeals. Then correct the faulty parallelism. You might consider some of the employees at the discount warehouse where you work or your mother, whose family should recognize her dedication to them more often. Exploring Develop your main idea with detailed explanations and descriptions. My sister, who studies karate, installed large practice mirrors in our basement. He planned to set up the machine himself and hoped to connect to the Internet right away. Because Tony was afraid of butchered hair, he hated going to a new barber. I read the article How Good Is Your Breakfast? in Consumer Reports while munching a doughnut this morning. Present see Past saw Past Participle seen Present Participle seeing choose know speak Plural Forms of Irregular Nouns Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. I therefore walked slowly into the darkened living room. c. drove African Americans north. Do not use the name of a classmate. a. See if you can figure out a way to put the following details into three groups. 14 We can reclaim our home place. c. The authors mother could not even remember what she had done the day before. RESPONDING TO IMAGES 1. Top subscription boxes right to your door, 1996-2020, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. The word menial in Their parents worked in the lowest-paid, most menial jobs (paragraph 13) means a. skilled. When Chris attacked George, George reacted by a. fighting back hard. Even though my essay was concise, I tried my best. lan71866_ch21_p304-317.indd 317 9/4/09 2:13:52 PM SE C TIO N Punctuation and Mechanics SECTION PREVIEW 22 Paper Format 23 Capital Letters 24 Numbers and Abbreviations 25 End Marks 26 Apostrophes 27 Quotation Marks 28 Commas 29 Other Punctuation Marks RESPONDI R E PONDI N G TO I M A ES AG G ES ES How does each of the signs above misuse punctuation, capitalization, and/or mechanicsand how is the direction or information in each sign changed or confused because of this error or errors? They held workshops on police brutality, jobs and education, and peace in the neighborhoods. The delivery driver asked if I would mind signing for the package. Quiet on stairs Come in after Dads asleep House is freezing at night lan71866_ch04_p085-125.indd 102 9/4/09 12:28:29 PM CHAPTER 4 Nine Patterns of Paragraph Development 103 Bring key Know which steps to avoid Lift up front door Late parties on Saturday night Dont turn on bathroom light Avoid squeaky spots on floor Get into bed quietly Undress quietly d. Number your items in the order in which they occur; strike out items that do not fit in the list; add others that come to mind. At the counter, we inquired about the arrival time of the aircraft. _____________ , there is the issue of balance. 1. It describes exactly which plant was a present. But how could he have done that when he didnt know how? 10 Aside from health issues associated with eating lots of meat, a high-meat diet translates into a tremendous amount of carbon emissions. Alexys is playing softball over at the field. By so doing, you will develop an ability to choose words and adopt a tone of voice that is just right for a given purpose and a given group of people. I think the battery needs to be replaced. I began to realize two things. 2. a. When my aunt visits us, she insists on doing all the cooking. 8. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of paragraph 2? Living at Home Unlike many college students, I have chosen to live at home with my parents. She 4. do. The Writing Process 25 PART 2 Basic Principles of Effective Writing 58 3. 27Once he even made a slur about my race. I or he or she or they or we 6. less 9. slowest 10. most fattening Activity 3: Using Adjectives or Adverbs (page 279) 9. If you lan71866_ch04_p085-125.indd 86 9/4/09 12:28:27 PM CHAPTER 4 Nine Patterns of Paragraph Development 87 can learn to write to persuade or inform such a general audience, you will have accomplished a great deal. Long practice sessions and busy game schedules take too much time away from schoolwork. 2. Which sentence should be eliminated in the interest of paragraph unity? Cut holes in her shoes to make them fit better. Write a paragraph in which you lan71866_ch36_p483-536.indd 499 9/4/09 1:51:11 PM 500 PART 4 Readings for Writers either agree with or argue against the statement. Effective reading, just like effective writing, does not happen all at once. Also avoid taking naps during the daytime. First, that we realign societal resources in 20 accordance with the following premises: that every child has value and every child can succeed. . c. pretended to think the lists were stupid, although they really liked them. HINT Use a comma at the end of a word group that starts with a dependent word (as in Because my car does not start on cold mornings, . d. shown to be wrong. 4. When you write the second thought, use a comma plus the joining word shown at the left. ACTIVITY 6 Drafting Working with a fellow classmate, see if you can fill in the missing words in the following explanation of Mikes first draft. She made it, in part, in anticipation of her death. Beware of owner. 8. One was that children under the age of fourteen had to be accompanied by an adult. If you feel comfortable composing directly on the screen, you can benefit from the computers special features. . He found a job. 2. lan71866_ch09_p195-208.indd 204 9/4/09 12:40:09 PM CHAPTER 9 205 Sentence Variety I 8. Saturday is the worst day to shop; people jam the stores. When we speak with one another, forms such as It was me, It may be them, and It is her are widely lan71866_ch16_p263-274.indd 264 9/4/09 12:42:48 PM CHAPTER 16 Pronoun Types 265 accepted. (Map, The map) on the wall is old and out of date. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band; (its, its) been voted the most popular rock album in history. 7. 2. REVIEW TEST 2 Change verbs as necessary in the following selection so that they are consistently in the past tense. 5. Does this paragraph use time order or emphatic order? d. release. Rewritten: lan71866_ch22_p318-323.indd 322 9/4/09 2:12:04 PM CHAPTER 22 Paper Format 323 4. c. warm and loving. 6. .). Pronoun Agreement and Reference Pronoun Agreement Indefinite Pronouns Pronoun Reference 29. The clever compliance professional deliberately triggers these hidden stores of influence to elicit a predictable response. In what ways? the 8. Pacific Islander . A singular word ending in -s (such as Travis in the earlier example) also shows possession by adding an apostrophe plus s (Traviss). b. helpful. We decided to find a taxi. Then begin your draft with a topic sentence similar to one of the following: A seemingly small experience in elementary school encouraged me greatly. . 2. Joyces recipe for chocolate fudge is very easy to make it is also very expensive. Teachers salaries, however, are not going up. Help Kwan locate and correct the confusing shifts between indirect and direct quotations in his restaurant review. Laurens always had trouble with fragments, and after reading over her draft, she realizes she has some editing to do. A stronger, clearer mark is needed between the two thoughts. In this chapter, youll learn about the benefits of having others read and respond to your written work. The heat is cozy and feels good, but when youre done, theres not much there for anyone else to eat. Spelling Improvement Step 1: Use the Dictionary Step 2: Keep a Personal Spelling List Step 3: Master Commonly Confused Words Step 4: Learn Key Words in Major Subjects Step 5: Study a Basic Word List Step 6: Use Electronic Aids 40. TIP Sometimes transitional words do not join complete thoughts but are merely interrupters in a sentence: My parents, moreover, plan to go on the trip. 2. d. It presents a point of view that is the opposite of views in the body of the selection. He has lain in bed all week with I have laid the mail where everyone the flu. lan71866_ch02_p016-043.indd 40 9/4/09 12:26:40 PM CHAPTER 2 The Writing Process 41 4. Make them the subject of item 1. lan71866_ch14_p245-251.indd 249 9/4/09 12:41:54 PM 250 PART 3 Sentence Skills CONNECT WRITING Meet Stephanie. 2. The robber was sentenced to 10 yrs. An elderly couple relaxed on a bench in the shopping mall. Dont . (example: Aarons) 4. Remember these points about the title and the first sentence of your paper. Led Zeppelins fourth album has sold 22 million copies. They think that something might rub off on them. New York City, September 1981. lan71866_ch08_p179-194.indd 181 9/4/09 12:39:41 PM 182 PART 3 Sentence Skills CONNECT WRITING Meet Tatiana. (A supporting paragraph on the need for adequate sleep could begin with this topic sentence: If I get adequate sleep, Im able to pay attention in class. Such a sentence might then be followed with some specific examples to support the main point of your paragraph.) Examples are oh, wow, ouch, and oops. The friends were from work. Instead, my teacher gave me an A on the test. Mr. Mahoney checked the ice each day. On a restaurant menu, are you more tempted by a green salad or a colorful salad bowl filled with romaine and spinach leaves, red garden-fresh tomatoes, and crisp green pepper rings? But why? You can do anything you want to do, I did not believe her. I was hungry before dinner. REVIEW TEST 2 Underline the five dangling modifiers in this passage. The instructor asked everyone in class to stand on one foot to practice kicking. What impressed me so much, though, was his sincere response every time I had to correct him for misbehaving Thank you for correcting me, Sister! I didnt know what to make of it at first, but before long I became accustomed to hearing it many times a day. a. The ink-jet one, for instance. In the past, Hers father never played with his children because a. he believed play was a waste of valuable time. b. divorce was less acceptable than it is today. By the end of the semester, much of my uneasiness about writing had disappeared. Brandie, a breast cancer survivor religiously wears her pink, awareness bracelet to remember her victory over the disease. It worked for a while, until the gym teachers caught on. My brother became a college freshman at the age of forty-two. 9/4/09 12:27:44 PM 58 PART 2 Writing Effective Paragraphs b. EXAMPLE At the gym, Dirk asked his friend to spot him on the free weights. Emmett, who recently adopted a baby girl, rushed to the supermarket, to buy infant formula, baby wipes and disposable diapers. That word will be an action verb; it will tell what is happening in the sentence. I felt it when a couple of young women cried in Holyoke, Massachusetts, after I read a poem about a friend who had been murdered by the police, and when I addressed a gym full of students at Jefferson High School in Fort Worth and several young people lined up to hug me, as if they had never been hugged before. While there are people who turn on their TVs upon waking up in the morning I dont do that. Craig, who were engaged for a year, 3. furniture, rusted beyond repair, Activity 6: More Necessary and Unnecessary Commas (page 370) 1. gigantic, . My brothers, Farid and Farshid, thought that adding an American name was totally stupid. Lee hung colorful scarves made of green and blue silk over her windows. Decide whether your paragraph will compare the two subjects (discuss their similarities), contrast them (discuss their differences), or do both. Now hes calling all our friends. Now look at this sentence when adjectives have been inserted: The shaggy dog lay down on a worn mat in front of the fireplace.