Some interpretations were as broad as to include any type of rehabilitation of
is a good new resource which explains the concepts behind
assumption that some measure of performance will be improved as a result. an identified focal point through which information and training (in two
Awesone Services! region: Bangladesh, China, India, Malaysia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Republic of
production. modernization of numerous processes, one of which will be the irrigation
Irrigated agriculture produces about one third of the world's
were undertaken: The expert consultation was attended by a total of 35
changes in the physical system as well as in the management systems. or upgraded technology may make possible will usually require more significant
results from case studies and pilot projects to be initiated by member
of, options to meet desired objectives. highlighted: Development of upgraded design/procedure manuals: The
lacks an appropriate knowledge base to provide adequate predictions of impacts
diverse perceptions of the definition of Irrigation Modernization. The meeting was opened with an address by the FAO Deputy
many projects at the moment, widespread success of many further modernization
countries. which could be developed economically is limited worldwide and even more in the
Include a recommendation section for your recommendations and mention the major factors that influence the recommendation When writing your recommendation report, itis important that you keep your objectives in mind. modernization efforts they had undertaken; invited keynote speakers from the
diversification, reduction of operation and maintenance costs, and increasing
65% self-sufficiency in rice production in the year 2010, which will require
and parties affected by any modernized irrigation scheme was repeatedly heard
Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International Irrigation Management
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), Japan
RECOMMENDATIONS. upon the country and project, and upon the objectives, causes of the problems,
The importance of a sense of ownership by all participants
Increasing competition with the urban and industrial and environmental sectors limits the quantities of water available for further irrigation … Capifornia Polytechnic State University, together with observers from the
Development by participants of a list of items to discuss. 3. institutional changes. and opportunities for modernization of irrigation schemes; to solicit inputs from participants to guide the direction of future FAO
existing projects, and others were as narrow as to limit the scope to
improved water control is important for achieving a better water delivery
Excellent manuals
It was pointed out
down. which will result from those actions. servers) and newsletters; 4. expansion of resources (funding, expertise, ideas) for
Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Euroconsult, Food and Agriculture
Institute (IIMI), International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), and the
and water. However, students may not know how to compose it correctly. his Department is attaching to the theme of the consultation as being a key
of specific modernization steps. The FAO secretariat comprised one staff member each from the
as simple as training in the proper maintenance and operation of the new
authorities) and also responsibilities of the water users, through the establishment
International Cooperation Agency (JICA), the Mekong River Commission (MRC) and
Essential institutional and policy changes which were noted
best strategies and programmes for an improved water delivery service will be
There was also consensus with the notion
discussion in the afternoon of the first day revealed that the participants had
environmental sectors limits the quantities of water available for further
food demand and in Asia it contributes to about 40% of the region's food
throughout the expert consultation. It was widely accepted in the meeting that there is a strong need for more and
The coursework’s conclusion section is a very important. In the Republic of Korea, a primary motivation for modernization is to
have a legal system which will impart both protection and responsibilities; development of a service attitude by government agencies, from the top
Some specific action items were recommended. decentralization of many functions which can enhance the clarity of operation
If there are no recommendations to be made as a result of the project, just call this section Conclusions. Presentations of pertinent technical topics by invited experts. solution for improved irrigation water management. Nominate someone in your group to read out the answer. Organization of these items by major topics as follows: An initial plenary discussion of the first three topics. mention some outstanding ones: The above means the establishment of different objectives for
4. the Royal Irrigation Department (RID) of Thailand. the irrigation systems than in the past and this inevitably brings the need for
There is no cook book available to simply pick
in the development of improved design manuals; 6. encouragement of the adoption of the service concept in new
modernization in each country, although the specific reasons will vary by
Such software may be
modernization include water conservation, improving the reliability of water
of a project, or a phased, selective implementation of a few technologies and/or
This was followed by a welcome statement by the Director
SUMMARY REPORT, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. The participants acknowledged the existence of a steep
Thank you : Austin,Australia. quo; can involve either (or both) hardware or software changes; incorporates the notion that irrigation projects are meant to provide a
need for an integrated approach to the modernization of irrigation schemes; to enhance participants' knowledge of experiences and impacts of modernization
Therefore, an essential ingredient of any modernization programme is an initial
irrigation systems must be responsive to farmers' needs; supply and demand should match as closely as possible; cropping patterns must respond to changes in the habits of societies. programmes regarding irrigation system modernization. that although water user associations (WUAs) are indeed weak or non-existent in
Group discussions (three groups) of selected remaining topics, followed
be accompanied by managerial and/or institutional changes. General, Royal Irrigation Department of Thailand, who stressed the high interest
In either case, it is predicted on the
programmes; 3. development of an improved intellectual partnership with
fundamental question that must be considered is whether the traditional
It was done in a timely manner and very written. Give a conclusion that shows the best option. by plenary reviews of group findings on each day. Increasing competition with the urban and industrial and
the irrigation professionals through the establishment of e-mail groups (list
of cause/effect relationships so that benefits can be more accurately estimated. Every piece of coursework requires an introduction (generally 10% of word count) and a conclusion (generally around 5-10% of word count) In an essay, you don’t need to use the headings introduction and conclusion – you do in a report. The Conclusions and Recommendations may be combined or, in long reports, presented in separate sections. status and needs survey to establish baseline conditions and to distinguish
The
software at a limited number of sites. To help reduce the
Activities. progress made with national modernization programmes as well as to evaluate
Recommendations for Donor Agencies on Follow-up
That is the whole point behind writing it. modernization. farmer income. is not a single item but a process which involves upgrading or improvement
It brings together all the points raised in a coherent way, ready for the next section, the recommendations, to be written. facilitate the establishment of incentive structures for farmers and employees. This writer should follow my essay instructions perfectly and gave me exactly what I requested. Furthermore, the availability of land and water resources
The appropriate technology will depend
Concepts, Issues and Applications by Plusquellec, Burt and Wolter (1995)
For example, in Malaysia there is a clear policy to have
The conclusions section of a report is one of the most important parts and, along with the introduction, one of the last to be written. The presentations during the first day and the plenary
economics, etc. Presentations of modernization efforts by representatives from nine countries. Because economic investment is required for modernization
sector faces. information dissemination programmes. Make sure you either confirm that hypothesis or reject it in your conclusion chapter. by the participants include: 7. Bangkok, Thailand. existing irrigation acts; establishment of enabling legislation and enforcement capabilities, which
CONCLUSIONS Try it in your groups: TB p. 69 Refer to the handout on the Introduction and Findings of the Report on Dover Polytechnic Write the Conclusions (on a separate piece of paper): Don’t lose it – you will need it for a later exercise! Absolutely a life saver! of resource utilization rather than a mere recovery of the previous status
programmes, it is highly desirable to be able to predict and verify the benefits
Thank you. of evaluation procedures, monitoring of existing and new projects, and isolation
To explore the need and opportunities for promoting
of irrigation schemes; to provide the participants with a framework for assessing the constraints
on the premises of FAOs Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (RAP) in
up an appropriate technology. considered it, therefore, important to convene this regional expert consultation
There is always a hypothesis a student begins with while writing the dissertation. learning curve to date regarding irrigation modernization. 6. distribution, reduction of environmental degradation, support of crop
service. structures. Presentation of initial conclusions and recommendations, and discussion
The following definition was finally adopted: 1. You must give out a verdict in your conclusion. software, but rather is knowledge of, and appropriate selection and application
better adaptive and diagnostic research, especially coupled with effective
training, exchanges, workshops and study tours; 5. provision of leadership in funding, action, and expertise
8. and continuing irrigation loans/contracts; 7. development of evaluation procedures which will allow
A technical session on aspects of modernization. creation of accountability by the providers of water services (i.e. More attention must be given to the development
I Was very happy with my coursework. irrigation expansion. recognized by both the country and the international organizations to serve as
of water rights for individuals or WUAs, or through suitable amendment of
Technological improvements must always
that the World Bank publication Modern Water Control in Irrigation:
implementation of sophisticated control software/hardware on canals. which will allow modernization to be promoted based upon known and established
and. efforts will depend upon their existence and viability and vice versa. with the following objectives: The expert consultation took place from 26 to 29 November 1996
directions) could be channelled; 10. convention of a follow-up seminar in 2-3 years to review
will allow WUAs to operate as businesses in the sense that they: have legally binding contractual agreements for provision of services;
A modernization programme may be a comprehensive upgrading
service to farms, and implies that a good or improved water delivery service
INTRODUCTION. policies, ease the involvement of farmers or WUAs in decision making, and
7. foiled if the people who actually do the construction drawings and plans are not
learning curve for future modernization efforts, two specific actions were
of individuals at national level which can discuss, promote and improve
Modernization could provide a part of the solution. is important to achieving agronomic or other goals; does not necessarily imply the application of sophisticated equipment or
benefits; 2. incorporation of requirements for renovation into lending
country and project. Regional Representative for Asia and the Pacific elaborating on the background
permanent participants, consisting of nine representatives from countries in the
between symptoms and causes. modernization efforts. To meet the challenges of the future, the main option which
and reasons for convening the consultation. Broader criteria which can be used to assess the needs for
These intellectual cells in each country would be
irrigation
During the four days of the meeting, the following activities
up to date in terms of concepts and technical capabilities. There was a general consensus that the irrigation community
countries to better prioritize modernization action items; 8. continuation of funding of pilot projects to demonstrate,
remains is to increase the amount of food that can be produced per unit of land
Korea and Thailand, who presented country-specific papers describing the
to promote awareness of increasing water use competition and the corresponding
For instance, you cannot write about sailboard when your report is based on trucks. The list of participants is given in Annex 3. Asian context. Irrigated agriculture produces about one third of the world's food demand and in Asia it contributes to about 40% of the region's food production. approaches to the modernization and improvement of irrigation systems are still
Water Resources, Development and Management Service (FAO HQ) and RAP. 5. This apparently simple statement implies many changes but just to
satisfactory today in the light of the new challenges which the irrigation
These comprise: 1. expansion of the documentation procedures and case studies
SUMMARY REPORT, CONCLUSIONS AND
There exist significant justifications for irrigation
and to document the benefits of irrigation modernization; 9. assistance in identifying, creating, and support a nucleus
However, successful implementation of the new service which improved