RefWorks is a web-based citation-management program, available to all UA students, faculty, staff, and alumni through a UA site license. Author Richard Freedman Posted on May 7, 2020 June 12, 2020 Tags Italian Literature , Italy , Women Call Number: PQ 4063 .F45 1997 (Reference). Peter Bondanella; Julia Conaway Bondanella; Jody Robin Shiffman, Dizionario Critico della Letteratura Italiana, The Feminist Encyclopedia of Italian Literature, The Oxford Companion to Italian Literature, Dizionario Biografico degli Italinai (DBI). Use the "Access New RefWorks" button to create an account and use the service. trans. Organized by time period, with several indexes, A necessary complement to the databases. Includes step-by-step instructions for various types of citations. This was the result, on the one hand, of political conditions quite different from those of previous centuries and, on the other, of the rediscovery of classical antiquity. Link to the OWL at Purdue MLA Citation Guide. In practice the problem was both linguistic and stylistic, and there were in the first half of the 16th century a great number of other contributors to the question, though it was Bembo’s theories that finally triumphed in the second part of the century. The entries are written by contributors knowledgeable of the historical period in which their chosen writers lived, and reflect both the literary tradition that conditioned their works and the modern gender issues that have shaped contemporary critical interpretation. He found Dante’s work stylistically uneven and insufficiently decorous. Toward the middle of the 15th century Italian began to vie with Latin as the literary language. It was only after 1536, when the original classical Greek text of Aristotle’s incomplete Poetics was first published, that a gradual development became apparent in aesthetic theory. With regard to the first point, nearly all Italian princes competed with each other in the 15th century to promote culture by patronizing research, offering hospitality and financial support to literary men of the time, and founding libraries. During the first decades of the 16th century, treatises on poetry were still composed according to humanist ideas and the teachings of the Roman Augustan poet Horace. Covers materials published 1991-present but including all time periods of Italian literature, including books, articles, and reviews. It offers a quick guide to citing any source according to the MLA template of core elements, a practice template, a Q&A feature with hundreds of citation examples, a blog of writing tips, guidelines for formatting a paper and avoiding plagiarism, sample papers, lesson plans, worksheets, and other classroom resources submitted by users. Monique Sartor Born in December 24, 1964, Geneva, Switzerland She lives in Milan, Italy, since 1982. Maxims and Reflections of a Renaissance Statesman), has a place among the most original political writings of the century. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. If you would like to contribute in any way to the building of this site (contributing materials, editing or in any other way), please get in touch by sending an email to teachitalianuk@gmail.com. This reference work contains biographical, critical, and bibliographical profiles of 51 writers from the 14th century to the present day. Each entry includes bibliography of resources most of which are also in Italian. Italian language biographical dictionary. The most notable courts were that of Florence, under Lorenzo de’ Medici “the Magnificent”; that of Naples, under the Aragonese kings; that of Milan, first under the Visconti and later the Sforza family; and finally the papal court at Rome, which gave protection and support to a large number of Italian and Byzantine scholars. The three theatrical unities (time, space, action) were among the structural rules then reestablished, while much speculation was devoted to epic poetry. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Lengthy essays will introduce you to authors of prose, poetry, and theatrical works. Literature scholars, for instance, use MLA Style while Linguistics scholars tend to use APA Style. His own political experience was at the basis of his ideas, which he developed according to such general principles as the concepts of virtù (“individual initiative”) and fortuna (“chance”). This peer-reviewed online encyclopedia provides authoritative background and short criticism on world literature and cultural history. The following handbooks and research guides will help you create the proper citation, no matter your discipline. One of Guicciardini’s main works, his Ricordi (1512–30; “Things to Remember”; Eng. English language history of Italian Literature covers all periods from the 14th century through the late 20th. Call Number: PQ 4057 .D59 1986 (Reference). Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Machiavelli has been described as the founder of a new political science: politics divorced from ethics. It allows users to save citations, organize and share research, and create bibliographies. These concepts, which mainly resulted from the new interest in Plato, were the subject of many treatises, the most important of which were Giannozzo Manetti’s De dignitate et excellentia hominis (completed in 1452; On the Dignity of Man) and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola’s Oratio de hominis dignitate (written 1486; Oration on the Dignity of Man). Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The 15th century, devoid as it was of major poetic works, was nevertheless of very great importance because it was the century in which a new vision of human life, embracing a different conception of man, as well as more modern principles of ethics and politics, gradually found their expression. The humanist vision evolved during this period condemned many religious opinions of the Middle Ages still widely prevalent: monastic ideals of isolation and noninvolvement in the affairs of the world, for example, were attacked by Leonardo Bruni, Lorenzo Valla, and Gian Francesco Poggio Bracciolini. It then shows them how to cite sources in their writing and create useful entries for the works-cited list. See the resources for Books and Articles to locate more in depth sources. Italian literature - Italian literature - The Renaissance: The European Renaissance (the “rebirth” of the classical past) really began in 14th-century Italy with Petrarch and Boccaccio. As for Lorenzo de’ Medici, statesman and patron of many men of letters, he himself had a remarkably vast and varied poetic output. Toward the end of the 15th century there were notable exceptions in Giovanni Pontano, Michele Marullo Tarcaniota, Politian (Angelo Ambrogini Poliziano), and Jacopo Sannazzaro. Why study Italian? In the first half of the century the humanists, with their enthusiasm for Latin and Greek literature, had a disdain for the Italian vernacular. The highest moral aspirations of the Renaissance are expressed in Baldassare Castiglione’s Cortegiano (published 1528; The Courtier), which deals with the perfect courtier, the noble lady, and the relationship between courtier and prince. Galateo), a book on courtesy in which the author’s witty mind and the refinement of contemporary Italian society found full expression. This four volume set provides detailed essays by noted scholars on the history of Italian literature. He drew attention to the self-interest of those involved in political action and made Machiavelli’s theories appear idealistic by contrast. BA in Italian Literature, 1975 She has published 10 collection of Poems. The Modern Language Association's online hub that provides free resources on using MLA style in research, writing, and documentation. Get kids back-to-school ready with Expedition: Learn! English language history of Italian Literature covers all periods from the 14th century through the late 20th. Well-known for its authoritative and easy-to-use reference and citation system, the Publication Manual also offers guidance on choosing the headings, tables, figures, and tone that will result in strong, simple, and elegant scientific communication. Giorgio Vasari’s Vite de’ più eccellenti architetti, pittori et scultori italiani da Cimabue insino a’ tempi nostri (1568; Lives of the Painters, Sculptors, and Architects) contained more than 200 biographies and was the first critical and historical appraisal of Italian art. Provides an overview on Italian dialect literature; and highlights articles which place the writers and their works in their wider social, historical, artistic, and political context. Shorter and redesigned for easy use, the eighth edition of the MLA Handbook guides writers through the principles behind evaluating sources for their research. In this work, which was one of the first historical Italian grammars, Bembo demanded an Italian literary language based on 14th-century Tuscan models, particularly Petrarch and Boccaccio. The excesses of the period were also vividly reflected in the work of Pietro Aretino, a widely feared polygraph who was called “the scourge of princes” by Ludovico Ariosto. Link to the OWL at Purdue APA Citation Guide. The vernacular Scriptures made a relatively late appearance in Italy. As a consequence, their courts became centres of research and discussion, thus making possible the great cultural revival of the period. A man’s ability to control his destiny through the exercise of virtù is contested by forces beyond his control, summed up in the concept of fortuna. Giovanni della Casa was the author of another famous treatise, the Galateo (c. 1551–54; Galateo is the name of the chief speaker; Eng. This online edition is free. Although more of a realist (or pessimist) than Machiavelli, Francesco Guicciardini was the only 16th-century historian who could be placed within the framework of the political theories he constructed. This research guide provides suggested resources to find articles, books, and more for Italian Literature. The new ideals of the humanists were most complete in Politian, Jacopo Sannazzaro, and Leon Battista Alberti, three outstanding figures who combined a wide knowledge of classical antiquity with a personal and often profound inspiration. This was largely due to the activities of the Florentine Accademia della Crusca, and this more scientific approach to the language question resulted in the academy’s first edition of an Italian dictionary in 1612. He was opposed by those who thought that a literary language should be based on contemporary usage, particularly by Gian Giorgio Trissino, who developed Dante’s theories on Italian as a literary language. A more balanced view of contemporary reality was given in Alberti’s literary works, which presented a gloomy picture of human life, dominated by man’s wickedness and the whims of fortune. Resources include citation tips for digital objects, a FAQ page, and a blog run by experts on APA style. Basic Literary Research Toggle Dropdown. His seven books on Dell’arte della guerra (1521; The Art of War), concerning the creation of a modern army, were more technical, whereas his historical works, including the Istorie fiorentine (1520–25; Florentine History), exemplified theories expounded in his treatises. Writing in a dead language and closely following a culture to which they had enslaved themselves, they rarely showed originality as poets. Guicciardini was also the first, in his Storia d’Italia (1537–40), to compose a truly national history of Italy, setting it in a European context and attempting an impartial analysis of cause and effect. EndNote is available at no cost through the Office of Information Technology. What's in a citation? trans. Forthright though these attacks were, humanism was not essentially anti-Christian, for it generally remained faithful to Christian beliefs, and the papal court itself regarded humanism as a force to be assimilated rather than defeated. Machiavelli’s Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio (c. 1513–21; Discourse on the First Ten Books of Titus Livius), showed the same realistic attitude: public utility was placed above all other considerations, and political virtue was distinguished from moral virtue. In addition to installing EndNote on personal or University machines, users can also access EndNote anywhere using EndNote online. Niccolò Machiavelli’s works reflected Renaissance thought in its most original aspects, particularly in the objective analysis of human nature. Includes step-by-step instructions for various types of citations. The Certame Coronario, a public poetry competition held in Florence in 1441 with the intention of proving that the spoken Italian language was in no way inferior to Latin, marked a definite change. in Italian. Its description of a model ruler became a code for the wielding of absolute power throughout Europe for two centuries. Pietro Bembo of Venice published his Prose della volgar lingua (“Writings on the Vulgar Tongue”) in 1525. Machiavelli also holds a place in the history of imaginative literature, above all for his play La Mandragola (1518), one of the outstanding comedies of the century. The “matter of France” and the “matter of Brittany,” which had degenerated into clichés, were given a new lease on life by two poets of very different temperament and education: Matteo Maria Boiardo, whose Orlando innamorato (1483; “Orlando in Love”) reflected past chivalrous ideals as well as contemporary standards of conduct and popular passions; and Luigi Pulci, whose broadly comic Morgante, published before 1480, was pervaded by a new bourgeois and popular morality. Call Number: PQ 4063 .I88 1994 (Reference). It is continuously updated. By and large, the new culture of the 15th century was a revaluation of man. Every academic discipline adheres to some set of guidelines when scholars reference other scholars. BA in Literature of Chinese Language Monique cooperate with literal publications and she has published 5 collection of poems. Covers the 13th century to the present, The Oxford Companion to Italian Literature takes a broad view of what constitutes literature, covering historical writing, travel writing, theatre, and philosophy as well as the novel, poetry, and critical theory. Political, historical, biographical, and moral literature, Music drama and the Accademia dell’Arcadia, Stanze cominciate per la giostra del Magnifico Giuliano de’ Medici, Discourse on the First Ten Books of Titus Livius, Lives of the Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, The Catholic Encyclopedia - Italian Literature, Alaska Department of Fish And Game - Muskox Hunting in Alaska, Italian literature - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Italian literature - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The databases and books listed below are recommended as starting points for your research. Italian Studies Concentration and the Brown Program in Bologna. This English language work on Italian literature provides short essays on authors, literary movements, Includes a timeline and an index that groups entries by literary periods and movements. These poets succeeded in creating sincere poetry in which conventional and less conventional themes were expressed with new, original intimacy and fervour. In the second half of the century there were a number of works of merit written in Italian and inspired either by the chivalric legends of the Middle Ages or by the new humanist culture. The autobiography of the sculptor and goldsmith Benvenuto Cellini (written 1558–66, published 1728) was remarkable for its vigorous spontaneity and its use of popular Florentine language. His famous treatise Il principe (The Prince), composed in 1513, in which he states his conviction of the superiority of virtù, revealed the author’s prophetic attitude, based on his reading of history and his observation of contemporary political affairs. Includes maps, bibliography, and text can be read online or downloaded to Kindle, Dropbox, or Google Drive. The classical conception of poetry as a product of imagination supported by reason was at the basis of 16th-century rhetoric, and it was this conception of poetry, revived in Italy, that triumphed in France, Spain, and England during the following century. The American Psychological Association's authorized website provides resources on using APA style in social science writing. Short encyclopedia on feminist issues and female authors in Italian literature through 1997.In English. EndNote is a citation management software that allows users to create customized libraries of references, automatically create citations and bibliography matching the requirements of the selected journal or style manual, sync and share references, and more. The traditional principle of imitation was now better analyzed, in the twofold sense of the imitation of classical authors and that of nature. Their poetic production, inspired by classical models and written mostly in Latin and later Greek, was abundant but at first of little value. They wrote for the most part in Latin prose. Lengthy essays will introduce you to authors of prose, poetry, and theatrical works. The Modern Language Association's online hub that provides free resources on using MLA style in research, writing, and documentation. Topic: Literature Description: A searchable online database containing bio-bibliographical information on Italian Women Writers. His Ragionamenti (1534–36; “Discussions”), a dialogue between a seasoned prostitute and a beginner, were written in a spontaneous style and showed a sensuous and unscrupulous nature. The work includes authored essays, chronologies, critical bibliographies, and more. Humanism opposed the medieval view of man as a being with relatively little value and extolled him as the centre of the universe, the power of his soul as linking the temporal and the spiritual, and earthly life as a realm in which the soul applies its powers. The sources on this page will provide you with a basic overview of people, themes, and movements in Italian literature as well as selected sources related to Italian history and culture. Call Number: PQ 4006 .D45 1996 (Reference). Politian’s most important Italian work is the incomplete Stanze cominciate per la giostra del Magnifico Giuliano de’ Medici (1475–78; “Stanzas Begun for the Joust of the Magnificent Giuliano de’ Medici”)—dedicated to Lorenzo’s brother Giuliano de’ Medici, assassinated in 1478 in the Pazzi conspiracy—which created a mythical world in which concepts of classical origin were relived in a new way. Overview guide of MLA, APA, Chicago, and other citation styles. Contains detailed descriptions of how to use the new RefWorks and Write-N-Cite. Includes maps, bibliography, and text can be read online or downloaded to Kindle, Dropbox, or Google Drive. The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association is the style manual of choice for writers, editors, students, and educators in the social and behavioural sciences. To return to the second point, the search for lost manuscripts of ancient authors, begun by Petrarch in the previous century, led to an extraordinary revival of interest in classical antiquity: in particular, much research was devoted to ancient philosophy in general and in particular to Plato (Aristotle had been the dominant voice in the Middle Ages), a fact that was to have profound influence on the thinking of the Renaissance as a whole. Studying Italian opens the door to a beautiful new world. The European Renaissance (the “rebirth” of the classical past) really began in 14th-century Italy with Petrarch and Boccaccio. Call Number: PQ 4006 .O84 2002 (Reference). It became one of the most influential books of the century. Explore library resources related to Italian Language, Literature, and Culture, Researching for Italian Literature and Culture, The Modern Language Association of America, Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. This site is designed as a collaborative resource for teachers of Italian in secondary schools in the UK and their students. The same could be said of Sannazzaro’s Arcadia (1504), a largely autobiographical pastoral work in verse and prose that remained widely influential up to the 18th century.